Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x13-inch metal baking pan with parchment paper, leaving a 2-inch overhang on the sides for easy removal.
Make Shortbread Crust: In a bowl, stir together 2 cups flour, powdered sugar, 1/4 tsp salt, and 3/4 cup melted butter until a crumbly dough forms. Press evenly into bottom of prepared pan.
Par-bake crust at 350°F for 15 minutes until lightly golden and set. Remove and let cool slightly.
Make Apple Filling: In a large bowl, toss thinly sliced apples with granulated sugar, cornstarch, 1 tsp cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla extract until evenly coated.
Make Streusel Topping: In a separate bowl, combine rolled oats, brown sugar, remaining 1/2 cup flour, remaining 1/2 tsp cinnamon, and remaining 1/4 cup melted butter using a fork until clumpy crumbs form.
Layer apples evenly over warm par-baked crust. Scatter oat streusel generously over top.
Bake at 350°F for 30-35 minutes until streusel is golden-brown and apple filling is bubbling at the edges.
Cool completely in pan on a wire rack for 1 hour, then chill in refrigerator for 2 hours for clean slicing.
Lift bars out using parchment overhang, drizzle with warm salted caramel sauce, sprinkle with flaky sea salt, cut into 16 bars, and enjoy!